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Highland cattle
Highland cattle ((スコットランド・ゲール語:Bò Ghàidhealach); ) are a Scottish cattle breed. They have long horns and long wavy coats that are coloured black, brindle, red, yellow, white, silver (looks white but with a black nose) or dun, and they are often raised primarily for their meat. They originated in the Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland and were first mentioned in the 6th century AD. The first herd book described two distinct types of Highland cattle but, due to crossbreeding between the two, only one type now exists and is registered. They have since been exported to other parts of the world such as Australia, Norway and Canada.
They are a hardy breed due to their native environment, the Scottish Highlands. This results in long hair, gives the breed its ability to overwinter. However, this has the consequences of a lack of heat tolerance. Bulls can weigh up to 800 kilograms (1,800 pounds) and cows up to 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds). Their milk generally has a very high butterfat content, and their meat, regarded as of the highest quality, is gaining mainstream acceptance as it is low in cholesterol.
== Breed characteristics ==
Their native Scottish Highlands, which have a high annual rainfall and sometimes very strong winds, have created a hardy and resilient breed. Highland cattle have also been successfully established in many temperate countries in Central Europe, and in countries where winters are substantially colder than Scotland such as Norway and Canada. Their hair, considered the longest of any cattle breed, provides protection from the winter cold. Their skill in foraging for food allows them to survive in steep mountain areas where they both graze and eat plants that many other cattle avoid. They can dig through the snow with their horns to find buried plants.
Mature bulls can weigh up to 800 kilograms (1,800 pounds) and cows can weigh up to 500 kilograms (1,100 pounds). Cows typically have a height of 90–106 centimeters (3–3.5 ft), and bulls are typically in the range of 106–120 centimeters (3.5–4 ft). Mating occurs throughout the year with a gestation period of approximately 277–290 days. Most commonly a single calf is born, but twins are not unknown. Sexual maturity is reached at about eighteen months. Highland cattle also have a longer expected lifespan than most other breeds of cattle, up to 20 years. It is a breed standard that bulls must have horns. The cows have traditionally been used as house cows as they have a docile temperament and the milk has a high butterfat content. They are generally good-natured animals but very protective of their young.
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